The Crusades Essay -- essays research papers

After the passing of Charlemagne in 814 and the possible breakdown of his domain, Europe was enduring an onslaught and on edge. Migrant individuals from Asia looted eastern and focal Europe until the tenth century. Starting around 800, a few centuries of Viking strikes disturbed life in northern Europe and even compromised Mediterranean urban areas. Be that as it may, the best danger originated from the powers of Islam. In the end these dangers turned out to be genuine. Fights broke out and these fights diverted to wars crossing from 1095 to 1229; this more than one city, Jerusalem, on nation, Israel, one land, the Holy Land. Islamic powers had just vanquished North Africa, the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, and a large portion of Spain by the eighth century. They likewise settled bases in Italy, enormously decreased the size and intensity of the Byzantine Empire, and assumed control over its capital, Constantinople. Islam was spreading considerably quicker than the Islamic armed force was overcoming. The five mainstays of Islam spoke to many, as did the Koran and the author of Islam, Muhammad. In the end, Islam represented a danger of an opponent culture and religion which appeared to be engaging and relentless. By the eleventh century the level of influence started to swing toward the West. The congregation turned out to be progressively brought together and more grounded from a change development to end the act of rulers introducing significant church, for example, religious administrators, in office. Popes had the option to adequately join European mainstream support behind them. This extraordin arily added to the well known intrigue of the main Crusades. Europe's populace was developing, its urban life was starting to resuscitate, and both significant distance and nearby exchange were bit by bit expanding. European human and monetary assets could now bolster new ventures on the size of the Crusades. A developing populace made more riches along these lines implied a more noteworthy interest for products from somewhere else. Accordingly common interests matched with strict sentiments about the Holy Land thus the campaigns started. Pope Urban II, in a discourse at Clermont in France in November 1095, required an incredible Christian endeavor to liberate Jerusalem from the Turks, another Muslim force that had as of late started effectively bothering tranquil Christian explorers heading out to Jerusalem. These elements were certifiable causes, and simultaneously, valuable supports for the pope's require a Crusade. Thus, Urban's discourse engaged a large number of individuals everything being equal... ...cceed, in any case, in wrestling from Saladin control of a chain of urban communities along the Mediterranean coast. By October 1192, when Richard at long last left the Holy Land, the Latin Kingdom had been reconstituted. Littler than the first realm and extensively more fragile militarily and monetarily, the subsequent realm went on for one more century. All in all, the campaigns were a significant piece of European history that truly influences the world. These individuals battled for what they put stock in and, perhaps, on the off chance that they had not battled for what they had faith in, we would rehearse Islam rather than Christianity. In spite of the fact that numerous individuals lost their lives and circumstances were difficult, level of influence was available to anyone, and it continued for such a long time, the campaigns were battled about the Holy Land to safeguard and ensure the parts of each side's religion. These initial three campaigns appear, the best, that they were so essential to everybody and how they could have influenced the present reality. At long last I attempted to sum up yet in addition attempt to give focuses that the vast majority didn't think about the campaigns that make them huge, significant, and expected to see how these individuals can battle about something like this land, The Holy Land.

Facts About Eohippus

Realities About Eohippus In fossil science, accurately naming another class of terminated creature can regularly be a since quite a while ago, tormented issue. Eohippus, otherwise known as Hyracotherium, is a decent contextual investigation: this ancient pony was first portrayed by the popular nineteenth century scientist Richard Owen, who confused it with a precursor of the hyrax (subsequently the name he presented on it in 1876, Greek for hyrax-like warm blooded animal). A couple of decades later, another famous scientist, Othniel C. Bog, gave a comparable skeleton found in North America the more important name Eohippus (first light pony). Since for quite a while Hyracotherium and Eohippus were viewed as indistinguishable, the standards of fossil science directed that we call this warm blooded animal by its unique name, the one gave by Owen. Quit worrying about that Eohippus was the name utilized in endless reference books, childrens books, and TV appears. Presently, the heaviness of feeling is that Hyracotherium and Eohippus were firmly related, yet not exactly indistinguishable, the outcome is that its by and by fit to allude to the American example, at any rate, as Eohippus. Amusingly, the late developmental researcher Stephen Jay Gould railed against the portrayal of Eohippus in the well known media as a fox-sized warm blooded creature, when in truth it was the size of a deer. An Ancestor of Modern Horses Theres a comparative measure of disarray about whether Eohippus as well as Hyracotherium really have the right to be known as the primary pony. At the point when you return in the fossil record 50 million years or somewhere in the vicinity, it tends to be troublesome, skirting on inconceivable, to distinguish the hereditary types of some random surviving species. Today, most scientistss characterize Hyracotherium as a palaeothere, that is, a perissodactyl (odd-toed ungulate) tribal to the two ponies and the monster plant-eating warm blooded animals known as brontotheres (encapsulated by Brontotherium, the thunder brute). Its nearby cousin Eohippus, then again, appears to merit a spot more immovably in the equid than the palaeothere family tree, however obviously, this is still begging to be proven wrong! Whatever you decide to call it, Eohippus was unmistakably in any event halfway tribal to all cutting edge ponies, just as to the various types of ancient pony (like Epihippus and Merychippus) that meandered the North American and Eurasian fields of the Tertiary and Quaternary time frames. Likewise with numerous such transformative forerunners, Eohippus didnt look a lot of like a pony, with its thin, deerlike, 50-pound body and three-and four-toed feet; additionally, to decide by the state of its teeth, Eohippus chomped on low-lying leaves instead of grass. (In the early Eocene age, when Eohippus lived, grasses still couldn't seem to spread over the North American fields, which prodded the advancement of grass-eating equids.) Realities About Eohippus Eohippus (Greek for day break horse), articulated EE-gracious HIP-us; otherwise called Hyracotherium (Greek for hyrax-like mammoth), articulated HIGH-rack-goodness THEE-ree-um Living space: Forests of North America and Western Europe Recorded Epoch: Early-Middle Eocene (55-45 million years back) Size and Weight: Around two feet high and 50 pounds Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Little size; four-toed front and three-toed back feet

Important Facts About Smokeless Tobacco

Important Facts About Smokeless Tobacco Addiction Nicotine Use Print Important Facts About Smokeless Tobacco By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on August 05, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on August 16, 2019 Aaron Black / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Smokeless tobacco,  also known as chew, snuff,  spit tobacco, plug, chewing tobacco, chaw, dip, and other names, describes a variety of tobacco products that are not smoked by the consumer.   Instead, this type of tobacco is usually placed in the mouth between the cheek or lower lip and the gums, where it mixes with saliva and releases juices that contain nicotine.  The nicotine is then absorbed through the tissues in the mouth. Smokeless tobacco is sold in cans or pouches, as both leaf tobacco that is moist or as plugs or bricks. It can be dry or moist. Dry smokeless tobacco is called snuff  and is usually sold in a can. These products carry a number of health hazards for consumers. Smokeless Tobacco Contains Harmful Chemicals Smokeless tobacco is known to contain 28 carcinogens, including very high levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNAs are known to be some of the most potent carcinogens present in chewing tobacco, snuff and tobacco smoke.?? Other cancer-causing substances in smokeless tobacco are known to include:?? FormaldehydeArsenicCadmiumRadioactive polonium-210 Smokeless Tobacco Products Cause Cancer According to a study published in 2018, people who use dip or chewing tobacco could possibly increase their risk of oral cancer by up to 27 times as compared to those who do not use these products.  This includes cancer of the lip, tongue, cheek, roof, and floor of the mouth, as well as cancer of the larynx.Smokeless tobacco users also face an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Smokeless Tobacco Is Addictive Dip and chewing tobacco contain more nicotine than commercially manufactured cigarettes. The amount of nicotine varies by type of smokeless tobacco and brand. However, in the long run, blood levels of nicotine are about the same for users of smokeless tobacco and cigarette smokers.?? When used according to package directions, the nicotine in smokeless tobacco is easily absorbed through the lining of the mouth in quantities sufficient to cause addiction.?? Smokeless Tobacco Causes Gum Disease, Bone Loss, Leukoplakia and Tooth Decay Smokeless tobacco creates an unhealthy environment in the mouth that leads to a variety of nasty problems. In addition to brown-stained teeth and bad breath, users also face:?? Permanent gum recession and bone loss where the tobacco restsLeukoplakia, a condition characterized by benign or precancerous lesions on the tongue or inside of the cheeksTooth decay from the sugar used to enhance the flavor of smokeless tobacco Smokeless Tobacco Causes Other Health Problems Research published in 2018 found that people who use smokeless tobacco have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke compared non-users.?? Smokeless Tobacco Is a Dangerous Alternative to Cigarettes Smokeless tobacco is less deadly than cigarette smokingâ€"there is no disputing that.?? With approximately 7000 chemical compounds in cigarette smoke, hundreds of which are known to be poisonous, and dozens that are carcinogenic, smoking is by far the most hazardous form of tobacco use on the planet today. That said, smokeless tobacco poses serious risks to the user that do not make this class of tobacco product a safe alternative to smoking. Cigarette smoking is part addiction to nicotine and part habit, born out of many years of associating smoking with every activity we have in our daily lives.?? Smokers who switch to smokeless tobacco are still addicted to nicotine and still link tobacco to the activities in their lives. Because of this, the risk of a smoking relapse is substantial. Smokeless Tobacco as a Quit Aid All tobacco products carry the risk of disease and addiction, and as such are not good choices as quit aids.?? Using harm reduction as a fix for smoking can also be disempowering. While a person might think of the switch as a proactive move to improve ones health, they are also telling themselvesâ€"usually on a subconscious levelâ€"that they are not strong enough to quit using tobacco altogether. And to make matters worse, this justification can become a pacifier, causing the user to put quitting tobacco on the back burner indefinitely. We all have what it takes to beat nicotine addiction successfully. With the right tools at hand to help us change our relationship with nicotine, freedom is within reach of every person who wants it. Quit Aids Can Help You Stop Smoking More Comfortably Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRTs) Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), which contain nicotine but none of the other hazardous chemicals present in tobacco products, are a better choice as a nicotine-based quit aid.?? NRTs are not without risk. Because these products, which include the nicotine patch, gum, nasal spray, inhaler and nicotine lozenges  contain nicotine, they all carry the danger of addiction themselves. That doesnt mean one shouldnt use NRTs, but it does mean that package directions should be followed carefully and that ex-smokers wean themselves off of the products in the time recommended. All Tobacco and Nicotine Products Carry Risks Some forms of tobacco are more hazardous than others, but all tobacco products carry risks to the user that include addiction and potentially deadly health issues.?? We all deserve freedom from nicotine addiction. Imagine a life that is free of the need to use a drug multiple times a day, day-in and day-out. If you smoke or use any type of tobacco product, you can quit, and you do have what it takes to do it within you right now. Resources to Help You Stop Using Tobacco Learn what you can expect when you quit smoking and how to minimize the discomforts associated with nicotine withdrawal. Smokeless tobacco products carry a number of risks and are not a good alternative to smoking. Use the quit smoking resources to help you tap into your own inner strength and resolve to quit smoking. The work it takes to claim your freedom is small indeed when compared to the benefits youll enjoy, from improved health to the boost of confidence youll get from overcoming nicotine addiction. Quit Smoking and Make It Stick!

How Does An Author s Life Influence Their Writing

How Does an Author’s Life Influence Their Writing? Authors have inspired and created some of the most remarkable ideas that can change just one life or many; however, these authors must have had inspiration themselves. An author’s life influences who they are and what they do, writing. Edgar Allan Poe was a unique author who wrote numerous dark, mysterious works, such as â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart,† that were inspired by his life full of sorrow and despair. Comparable to Poe, S.E. Hinton’s writing was affected by her life of being different from the world and even her friends, which led to her writing about a unique character who stands out in The Outsiders. Lastly, Elie Wiesel is alike to the previous authors. His life, burdened by ceaseless pain that he bore through, reflects in his writing in Night. Anybody’s life can change from just one significant moment that they have lived, no matter who they are or what they do. Edgar Allan Poe, S.E. Hinton, and Elie Wiesel had been just average people who have cha llenged events in their lives which who used those events to write. Edgar Allan Poe’s writing had certainly been impacted by his life. Poe was born to his mother, Eliza Poe, in 1809. However, his alcoholic father, David Poe Jr., had left him. His mother later died of Tuberculosis when he was still young. Although he had joined the Allan Family, this absence of his parents brought him to be lonely. His foster father, John Allan, raised Poe as if he was his own, but Poe and hisShow MoreRelatedSummary Of An Act Of Vengeance 859 Words   |  4 Pagesturned into an unstoppable love. Isabel Allende is a strong feminist and it can be seen throughout her writing, reason for this is her personal experiences, causing it to change the way she refers when writing about the opposite sex. Our last author would be Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† showing how personal experiences can be a great influence when it comes to writing down their feelings in a piece of paper. Stating the difficulty she had for various years: For manyRead MoreStandards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom1411 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the last century literacy and the definition of being literate has changed and evolved. No longer are teachers at an advantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are benefiting greatly from the allowanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pagesreaders and literary critics. His writing occurred during both the romantic and realist time eras in American Literature. He has simple, seemingly artless narrators and an understated style leads readers to arrive at the social commentary of his narratives on their own. Mark Twain’s writing influenced society because he created a new perspective on life with the views pointed out in his books. The distinctive trait of Twain s was his sense of humor. His writings are almost always humorous and haveRead MoreEssay about The Life Journey of John Steinbeck 1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life Journey of John Steinbeck Every great writer had their own influences, John Steinbeck was no exception. Steinbeck’s influences cam from family, friends, and his environment to write detailed descriptions to involve or influence the reader. Whenever someone reads one of John Steinbeck’s works they are in immersed in the scene he is describing, he makes you feel as if you are right there experiencing everything there first hand. Steinbeck had a relatively normal childhood growing upRead MoreI Ask For Peace Of Spirit And Prosperity By Sandra Cisneros1002 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of Louisville, who are co-authors of Writing Conventions. In this textbook, Lu and Horner define genre characteristics as,†setting, aims, relations to other genres, medium, and effect on self and life†(Lu Horner 69). They also discuss â€Å"tinkering† with genre itself. Genre is the base model which is expected to take a particular form. For example in the collection of writings, Little Miracles, Kept Promises, author Sandra Cisneros has eloquently expressed how the diversity of ideas themesRead MoreHow Does Writing Necessary Writing?1408 Words   |  6 PagesThoughts and language are the foundation that is required to create writing. Writing is a unique form of expressing thoughts. Even children can express their thoughts in words, and call their work a piece of writing. However writing should be used as a way to express worldly views. Writing should be used to explain, to share, to provoke. The simple concept of thoughts on paper can influence generations, and create meaning. Everything from the Bible, to the Declaration of Independence has influencedRead MoreIt s Always Room For A Story That Can Transport People1578 Words   |  7 Pages(â€Å"J.K. Rowling† Biography). As she grew, equipped with her creative mind from reading so much as a child, she always fanaticized about being a writer (â€Å"J.K. Rowling†). She attended the University of Exeter, and continued her love for reading and writing. However, Rowling faced challenges when she tried to publish her first book, finally a publisher accepted to publish it, and that was Bloomsbury (Bibel). Even so, Cunningham didn’t believe that her book was going to end up a bestseller, boy was heRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Edward Connell934 Words   |  4 PagesRichard Edward Connell was an Americ an author, who was probably most famous for the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game.† Connell started writing at the age of 10 covering baseball games for his father s paper. By the age of sixteen he had become the editor of the Poughkeepsie News-Press. Connell was a very smart man who studied at Georgetown and Harvard.While at Harvard he was the editorial chairman. Connell s writing style was usually action-adventure. Some of his works were probably inspiredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Text On The Road By Jack Kerouac And Cold Blood 1390 Words   |  6 Pagesfantasizes. And in this journey he encounters Dean a mad man who urges to continue living a wild life with no control and travel with no destination, exactly what Sal needed to add some spark to his life. He too becomes a mad man, but he only follows him in order to find his true identity, and in the end he is back where he started. Upset with the failure of him not being the wild type, Dean’s influence brou ght him to his failure by having him around Sal loses control of his will. Perry however committedRead MoreBreaking The Slump : Baseball934 Words   |  4 Pageslived in a time of great poverty and economic troubles. Alexander writes with the aim of writing a chronology of baseball and how it the happenings of the world influenced this sport. Baseball has had a great following and Alexander explains the National pastime in a way that feels like you are right there during the season. Alexander’s style, source base, and focus makes this book a great history of the time. He does miss a few things that weakens his argument that baseball remained strong during the

The Cost of Protecting Our Borders - 1382 Words

The Cost of Protecting Our borders Enzo Biasillo Strayer University Abstract Despite the increase in funding over the last decade, the number of illegal aliens entering our country continues to grow. Every year, we allow 750,000 immigrants to enter the country legally and make them eligible for citizenship within five years yet it is estimated that 10 million people reside in our country without legal documentation. Illegal immigration is not just Arizona’s problem, or any of the other bordering states, it is a national problem that is costing United States citizens billions each year. â€Å"Political Correctness† forbid certain politicians from calling illegal immigrants what they are at face value: Criminals. They commit an†¦show more content†¦At a cost ranging in the billions, this multi year project was not without costly troubles. A byproduct of the SBI is the Secure Fence Act of 2006. The SFA increased the border control funding from a low of $4.6 billion to $10.4 billion. The goal was to employ the use of technology like rada r, cameras and sensors, as well as infrastructure via fences, roads and lighting to detect and deter illegal entry. The focus was on the southwest border at areas deemed â€Å"more vulnerable† than other entry points. The fence was to be 700 miles long and equipped with the latest and greatest technology tax payers could buy. The fence was a failure. Radar and motion detectors set off alarms sending in the troops but often they are false alarms. Birds fly into the fence and set the alarms off and even high winds will set it off.(3) What’s the solution? A political debate of course! How can the government ineffectually spend more? A proposal by Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Duncan Hunter, called for two fences composed of metal and wire that would run from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Coast. Additionally, he proposed that a two layer 15’ fence be constructed along the entire length of the U.S/Mexico border. (3) The cost was estimated to b e from 4 billion to eight billion dollars for the 2,000 mile fence. A Fox News/Opinion Dynamics poll indicated that Americans favored a proposal to build a 2,000-mile security fence by a 51-to-37 percent margin.Show MoreRelatedAmerica s Border Control Is A Security System1525 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Border Control is a security system that protects America’s borders and makes sure that no terrorist or illegal immigrants enter America without a green card. The border control has been paid billions and maybe trillions of dollars to protect our borders. America’s border control needs to be lowered, it’s not just Mexicans are entering America illegally the statistics of immigration from 2013 are -Mexicans 14% -Chinese 7.2% -Indians 6.9% -Philippines 5.5% -Dominican Republic 4.2% TheRead MoreAmerica s Border Control Is A Security System1525 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Border Control is a security system that protects America’s borders and makes sure that no terrorist or illegal immigrants enter America without a green card. The border control has been paid billions and maybe trillions of dollars to protect our borders. America’s border control needs to be lowered, it’s not just Mexicans are entering America illegally the statistics of immigration from 2013 are -Mexicans 14% -Chinese 7.2% -Indians 6.9% -Philippines 5.5% -Dominican Republic 4.2% TheRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1017 Words   |  5 PagesDefense lie specific primary missions, tasks, duties, and responsibilities of each. The primary missions, tasks, duties, and responsibilities of Homeland Security and Defense include preventing terrorism and enhancing security, securing and managing our borders, and enforcing immigration laws. In addition to those missions, a new and evolving mission is that of cybersecurity. In the future, is the department ready to tackle these tasks? The department has done a great job at preventing an attack everRead MoreDrones : Unmanned Aerial Vehicles1198 Words   |  5 Pagessought after defensive weapons a nation can have. Drones are very effective in keeping America safe because of their minimal risk, continuous usage and low cost, and response to a rapid crisis. Drones have the ability to seek out threats and observe or neutralize them with minimal risk. Keeping Americans safe starts at the frontlines of our nations defense, the soldiers who protect us. Many people that live in the United States don’t have any inclination of what a solider is sacrificing. It’s notRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1732 Words   |  7 Pages In 2012, a recent study found that there were nearly 11 million illegal immigrants in our nation s border. This has been a recurring problem going on since the late 19th century, when the federal law was passed which prohibited entry of convicts and prostitutes. Although this isn t the case of everyone crossing our nation s borders, it is still a national problem. Not allowing more people to infiltrate our country will provide Americans with more jobs, will lower the incarceration rates, andRead MoreThe Fragile Ecological Existence Of The U.s. Southwest1250 Words   |  5 Pagesspecies who naturally move across our borders, including gray wolves and jaguars. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 entrenched social rules regarding immigration and border security installed through the Illegal Immigration Act and Immigrant Responsibility Act. This and the Real ID Act allow border patrol to further diminish chances of survival for endangered species, by granting waivers of the Endangered Species Act and NEPA, in order to secure our borders. This is an analysis of the complexRead MoreBuilding A Wall Will Not Solve The Illegal Immigrant Problem From Mexico1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rights to build the wall along with the cost of building the wall will present many challenges. The talks between Mexico and the United States about the wall have already begun to create a separation between the two countries. The astronomical cost of the wall is another reason why Building a wall will help solve many problems like illegal immigrants, drugs, guns, etc. And it will protec t the United States from any the peril, and it has the effect on our demographic rate. Currently, we are in theRead MoreInspecting Incoming Containerized Shipping Crates Essays1451 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion containers enter our country each year, and less than six percent are heavily inspected† (Kouri). Sooner or later our enemies will attempt to utilize this weakness in our national defense system to attack American citizens and our way of life. Protecting our homeland, protecting our resources and preserving our national defense infrastructure is something that can no longer be overlooked or delayed until tomorrow. Whether during peace or in times of war, our homeland security is somethingRead MoreImmigration Act Of The Border1473 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol began in 1904 when illegal crossings at the border were prevented by seventy five â€Å"mounted guards† who were given directives by the U.S immigration service to patrol the border (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d). Patrols were, however, not consistent because of limited resources and little supervision. They attempted to prevent Chinese illegal migration as they patrolled along the border in California. However, from 1915, resources such as horses, cars and boats were added toRead MoreA Brief Note On The Problem Of Illegal Immigration981 Words   |  4 Pagesabout illegal immigration is millions of illegal aliens cross our border and get in this country successfully. When they get in the country they steal our jobs and pay not taxes as they live in this country. But the president promises to us that they are impr oving the security of the border and no illegal aliens are getting in this country unless they get legalized. But in this report I will state that our border is ineffective and our population of 11 million immigrants is growing and not slowing

911 Narrative Essay Free Essays

The Power of Words September 15th, 2001. â€Å"That moment was when I learned the importance of words. Whether you may be angry, sad, or happy, you must use your words wisely. We will write a custom essay sample on 911 Narrative Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Love everyone, and tell them so every day†(George Phoenix. ) ______________________________________________________________________________ Morning of September 11th, 2001. Phoenix went to the cafeteria to get his usual coffee, milk and Danish. Returning from the cafe with his food, he entered into an elevator heading to his office on the 67th floor. The tight space was uncomfortably cold and silent, with extremely strange yet catchy elevator music playing. Prior to work he had gotten into an argument with his wife and as he slowly sipped his coffee savoring every ounce of it, he was contemplating the words he would say to her when he returned home. Five other men crowded into the elevator: Four were everyday workers in the twin towers, and the other was the monthly window washer. The smell of cleaning products and expensive cologne began to take over the air. You could see it on every face waiting for their stop that it was about to be a long day. The drawn out elevator ride was almost over. Only eighteen more floors to go and it would be time for him to sit down and rest his body. Suddenly, as the elevator hit the 50th floor, there was a large â€Å"boom† and the elevator began to bang violently from side to side. One of the men reached over and pressed the emergency button. As they all sat frustrated and worried waiting for a response, they became incredibly antsy. After what seemed like an agonizing amount of time, the operator informed them frantically that the building was under attack, and the loud â€Å"boom† they heard was a plane crashing into the building. The mood of the elevator drastically transformed from frustration to pure fear. As the smoke quickly became overwhelming, George instinctively grabbed his hanker chief and dipped it into his milk. He recalled once being instructed that a wet cloth covering the face will help a person breathe during a fire emergency. Never having thought he would actually be in a situation that would put such a trick to use, he found the situation unfathomable. Wisely, they decided to keep calm and think of a way out. The window washer grabbed his squeegee and used all his might in an attempt to pry the doors open, asking with strained breathes for the others to join in and help. As a result, they finally got the doors open. George felt a sense of relief, as they were sliding the door open, but was hit by reality when he was met with two giant, painted letters – 50. Right in front of the doors; in front of his escape to enjoy the rest of his life with his beautiful wife, was a wall offering no escape. Then and there he pulled out his phone and dialed his wife, only to discover that there was no signal. The frustration he had towards himself was overflowing. All he could think about was how meaningless were. The frustration then gave him a kick to push on. He began to pierce through the wall with the metal end of the squeegee. After piercing a small hole the men all crowded around it trying to breathe in every bit of fresh oxygen they could. As a group, they worked towards kicking at the wall. Eventually they were able to create a hole big enough to crawl through. Before long George and the other men were discovered by a firefighter and led down the stairs. Every step he took he thought about hurrying home to his wife and saying the things he should’ve said before he left. Phoenix is a hero. His focus and ability to stay calm under pressure was phenomenal. There are many lessons a person could get out of this incredible story. But I think there was one extremely important lesson Mr. Phoenix wanted people to learn out of his story. That 43 minutes of his life taught George the importance of words, and that no matter what your emotion may be, you must use your words wisely. The day a person’s life is taken away remains unknown. Each life and therefore each day in a life is precious and should be valued. No matter what may be going on in life, keep your head held high and tell everyone that you love how much they mean to you. You never know when or what your last words may be to someone. How to cite 911 Narrative Essay, Essays

Critical Incidents And Conditions In The Lives Of Essay Example For Students

Critical Incidents And Conditions In The Lives Of Essay The Characters In Delores ClaibourneDelores ClaiborneThe film â€Å"Delores Claiborne†, based on the novel by Stephen King, is a suspenseful, well-written drama about a family in Maine. The film gradually unfolds the painful story of a family destroyed by alcoholism and abuse, and of a woman’s will power and strength to overcome. The following pages will review Critical Events in the lives of Delores, Joe, and Selena. This will be followed by the Critical Conditions that influenced the lives of the St. George family, including history and culture. Finally, I will review Important Character Statements, things that characters in the film said that provide insight into their character and/or history. Critical Events- The death of Vera Donovan is a critical event. Although details will not be given of her death until later in the film, her death itself is a critical event in the lives of Delores and Selena. Perhaps the most important consequence of this event is that Selena comes home to visit her mother, Delores, upon hearing that she may be involved in the death of Vera. This homecoming allows the rest of the story to unfold, and had Selena no reason to return home, parts of her history would have never come to the surface, and Selena would still be wrestling with a mistaken view of the past. Her relationship with her mother is greatly influenced by this event. A second chain of critical events, perhaps some of the most crucial, is presented in flashback format. After being physically and emotionally assaulted by Joe, who has started drinking again, Delores reaches her breaking point. She throws a pitcher of milk at Joe, and threatens him with an axe, then gives him the axe and dares him to kill her. She tells him she’s had enough of his abuse, and that if he hits her again, he’d better kill her: because if not, she will kill him. What we see in this critical event is the strong willpower and personality of Delores. Her relationship with her husband is altered greatly by this event. The next critical event we are shown is the harassment of Delores by neighborhood teens. Selena is greatly affected by this, and retreats to the bathroom to take pills to calm down. Her mother tries to convince her not to do this. Selena is quite obviously emotionally distraught. We flash back to a prank telephone call to a young Selena, another critical event. The callers are harassing her about her father’s death. Selena then begins to destroy Christmas ornaments, and engages in an act of self-mutilation by cutting herself on the neck with one of the ornaments. Her father’s death is a great cause of unsettlement in the life of Selena, and she is on various medications while trying to cope with this unresolved conflict. Yet another critical incident is when Delores confronts a young Selena on the ferry on the way home from work. This confrontation leads Delores to the knowledge that Joe is sexually abusing Selena, which leads her to go to the bank to attempt to withdraw the money she has been saving and run away with Selena. Since Joe withdrew the money already, another critical event, Delores is torn and does not know what to do. She cries at work and is confronted by Vera, who in yet another critical event, suggests to Delores that she kill Joe and make it look like an accident. The day of the eclipse, when Vera gives Delores the day off and the eclipse viewing supplies, Vera opens the door for Delores to kill Joe. And, in yet another critical incident, Delores leads Joe on a chase through the front yard which leads to his â€Å"accidental’ fall down a well. .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .postImageUrl , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:visited , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:active { border:0!important; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:active , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same sex marriagescalltoact speech EssaySelena refuses to believe that her father ever hurt her until she is on a ferry leaving the island. When she goes to buy a coffee, she remembers an incident when her father sexually abused her on the ferry. This is extremely crucial, because it allows her to see why her mother did what she did, and prompts her to go back and defend her mother. It also allows Selena a glimpse into her own history. This

International Business The Challenges of Globalization

Table of Contents Intended audience and level of reading The authority and/or qualifications of the authors Summary comment Main purpose of the work Reference List Intended audience and level of reading International Business: The Challenges of Globalization (Wild et al., 2009) is a comprehensive manual for business students. This book reveals major trends in international business in concise and accessible way. The use of illustrations, anecdotes, various interactive activities makes this manual not only very informative, but very interesting for students.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on International Business: The Challenges of Globalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By all means it is a very helpful source of theoretical and practical knowledge on international business. The manual is cited by many scholars considering international business. For instance, Tipton (2006) refers to these authors while portraying the peculiarities of business held in Asian countries. The authority and/or qualifications of the authors It is important to state that the authors are respectful and honored scholars (Barnes Noble, 2010). Thus, Professor John J. Wild got numerous teaching honors, such as â€Å"Mabel W. Chipman Excellence-in-Teaching Award, the Teaching Excellence Award from the 2003 graduation class, and the Beta Alpha Psi Excellence in Teaching Award† (Barnes Noble, 2010). He has written more than 50 publications and is often invited as a speaker to various conferences. Dr. Kenneth L. Wild is a committed educator which contributed greatly into the development of the international business study. He is a frequent speaker at the largest universities of the world and various conferences. He is a member of several organizations, such as the Academy of International Business, and he is also an Associate Editor of the Middle East Business Review (Barnes Noble, 2010). Professo r Jerry C.Y. Han (who died in 2002) wrote more than forty publications on international business. He is a recognized educator who proved to be one of the most creative in business education. Han was also President of the North American Chinese Association (Barnes Noble, 2010). He also consulted various international companies and was an active member of many organizations. Summary comment As has been already mentioned International Business: The Challenges of Globalization (Wild et al., 2009) is a very informative and precise manual for business students. It highlights the most important point and prepares students for various issues they may come across in the real life. Thus, Part 1 of the book deals with the issues of globalization. In fact, it introduces the notion and main peculiarities of the process of globalization. It is important that students may refer to the map (available in Appendices) so that they can better understand international business outline. After introducin g details on globalization the authors consider peculiarities of national business environments, studying cross-cultural relations and various factors influencing national business in major areas of the world. The authors go into detail considering international investment issues which is very important for successful business.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One more valuable set of information is Part 4 of the book where the authors consider international financial system and depict peculiarities of international monetary system. Finally, the book provides the necessary information on business planning, implementing business strategies and analyzing the effectiveness of business models. Of course, this part provides many precise and helpful strategies to start and manage international business. Main purpose of the work Due to their creative approach and concise writi ng the authors succeeded to achieve the major goal, i.e. the main purpose of the book which is to assist students (educators, businessmen, managers, etc.) to cope with numerous issues emerging in international business. Reference List Barnes Noble. (2010). International Business: The Challenges of Globalization / Edition 4. Web. Tipton, F.B. (2006). â€Å"Thumbs-up is a rude gesture in Australia†: The Presentation of Culture in International Business Textbooks. AIB Insights, 6(2), 10-16. Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C.Y. (2009). International Business: The Challenges of Globalization, 5/E. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. This book review on International Business: The Challenges of Globalization was written and submitted by user Vaughn Velazquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Role of Landscape Architecture in Urbanization Essays

Role of Landscape Architecture in Urbanization Essays Role of Landscape Architecture in Urbanization Essay Role of Landscape Architecture in Urbanization Essay 1. INTRODUCTION Every day, the number of people in the world is rising. Because of that phenomenon the rapid development forced to do to accommodate the total population such as urbanization. However, the unwell planning development was done that made our environment in trouble. The major factor of this happening because less understanding of surrounding environment and ecological aspect while planning the urbanization. One profession that closely related with designing the sustainable urbanization is landscape architects. The development of landscape urbanism theory and its implementation into the field of practice is outlined with particular focus on its position of redefining the role of landscape architect. Global movements of urbanization, increasing awareness of urban ecology and analysis of modern planning lead to the important responses that landscape urbanism applies to modern projects. Landscape urbanism holds a promising future in determining sustainable urban form. Continued long-term investment in applying the theory to practice will lead to a balance relationship similar to the requirement between landscape and urbanism. 2. URBANIZATION 2. 1Definition of urbanization Urbanization as defined by Paul Jenkins (2007) normally refers to the demographic process of shifting the balance of national population from ‘rural’ to ‘urban’ areas; urbanization rate indicates the proportion of the population living in urban areas at a given time; and urban growth rate is a measurement of the expansion of the number of inhabitants living in urban settlements. Meanwhile, Basudeb Bhatta (2010) defined urbanization as non-spatial and social process which refers to the changes of behavior and social relationships that occur in social dimensions as a result of people living in town and cities. Urbanization is also defined by United Nation (2005) as ‘movement of people from rural areas with population growth equating to urban migration’. According to New World Encyclopedia (retrieve 19 October 2011), urbanization is the growing number of people in a society living in urban areas, or cities. Urbanization means increased spatial scale and density of settlement as well as business and other activities in the area. Urban areas tend to attract businesses because of their large and dense population. This in turn draws more people to the area, working in a kind of circular process. The classic and most applicable definition of urbanization has been advance by Hope Tisdale (1942), who argues that urbanization is the process by which a growing section of the country’s population comes to live in relatively densely populated, relatively large towns and urban-type communities. Since the appearance of the first major studies about urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century, the most influential study is that of Adna F. Weber (1899) whom wrote that the term urbanization has primarily been associated with numbers of people which migrate from countryside to the towns, about the rise of metropolis, that is to say, towns with a large population, about the differences in the growth of population in the towns, and in the countryside, and so forth. As the result of above definition about the term urbanization, it can be conclude that urbanization is the migration of people from rural area to town area which increase the number of population. As a result of the migration, their behavior, social activities, cultures and relationships might changes. It is related to the surrounding of the town which offers people more working opportunities. 3. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 3. 1Definition Landscape means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action in interaction of natural and human factors (Council of Europe, 2000). Due to this interaction landscape change is an unavoidable fact. Usually habitats have the ability to adapt themselves to changes caused by natural forces, but with respect to man bring on changes such as urbanization, the transformation can be further than the limits of resiliency. Landscape, as defined by UNESCO (retrieve 19 October 2011) is the result of the interaction of the natural environment and human activities. Therefore it represents a holistic concept composed of ecological, social and economic components. Wikipedia (retrieve 19 October 2011) defined architecture as the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. Landscape architecture as defined by Dan Sullivan (2010) is the comprehensive discipline of land analysis, planning, design, management, preservation, and rehabilitation. The profession of landscape architecture has been built on the principles of dedication to the public safety, health and welfare; and recognition and protection of the land and its resources. The term landscape architecture first appeared in print in 1828, in the title of a book by Gilbert Laing Meason in Scotland. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, in presenting their Greensward Plan for Central Park in New York City in 1858, were the first to use landscape architect as a professional title. The first in Canada to advertise themselves as landscape architects were Frederick Gage TODD of Montreal and Charles Ernest Woolverton of Grimsby, Ont, who established private practices in 1900 and 1901 respectively. Other practitioners called themselves landscape designers, landscape gardeners, or landscape engineers the choice often reflecting their previous training in such fields as agricultural science, architecture, civil engineering, gardening and horticulture. Today’s landscape architects are usually dealing with land that was changed by the previous human intervention. In rural areas and less wilderness and increasing development pressures, many projects that require unique design skills and expertise in restoring damaged forest, fields, wetlands and contaminated and neglected industrial land, and they redesign and revitalize underutilized urban areas. With more people living in or near urban areas, landscape architects are increasingly concerned about the quality of urban life and the way that council develop and manage their open spaces. 4. ROLE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN URBANIZATION In other develop country; landscape architect is a prime consultant in every single urban project and also the one who in charged putting the other consulting from different disciplines together, pointing everybody the direction to get the project done and put all the great minds together and come up with a great project with multi-disciplinary approaches. Landscape architects also design landscape environment which to be important and inner part of the planning of an urban area that will durable for decades. It is because landscape architect can handle and communicate with other different discipline and very sensitive with nature and surrounding environment. As stated before, urbanization is a population growth from rural area to urban area or town where the developments are also growth. Landscape architects play major role in urban development or urbanization. To this day landscape architecture and design are employed for both private and public pleasure, from the modest suburban home to a large estate, and from the town square to city parks and greenbelts. As it best, landscape architects join the natural environment with built environment, and create and define spaces which fulfill human and natural need. Dividing and defining the spaces of built and natural is an essential part in any development in order to stabilize the ecosystem and make it sustainable. Landscape architects frequently use concepts of spatial structures to express their ideas. When their spatial structure seldom refers to the real landscape pattern, the typical outcome is ill planned urban development resulting in loss of diversity, coherence and identity. Application of scientific knowledge from landscape ecology is crucial to overcome this problem. Because spatial pattern can influence a variety of ecological phenomena, our ability to quantify changes in landscape structure through time may be crucial to the understanding of the dynamic of the landscape. Some people may give their opinion that the urban areas are always filled with concrete elements and less green. This view did not actually accurate because to balance the ecological system of the city, landscape architects play a very important duty. Landscape architects are already involved in large-scale urban land restoration and rejuvenation, working with communities to convert â€Å"brown† and â€Å"grey† fields to â€Å"green† productive social and economic use. Such sites tend to be large, abandoned waterfronts, former, manufacturing sites, and primary industry locations. Here is a huge opportunity to provide necessary spaces for children to connect with the amazing, playful attributes of nature, to help them become the new front line of society who wills more expected to choose for the continuing health of our planet. In order to keep balancing the city with built and green environments, landscape architects take part in designing the city with the effective use of large trees and palms whose canopies and crowns, over time, join together to provide a physically powerful ‘green’ visual impact. Trees provide shade, color and fresh air and can provide a lasting visual impression in the memory of residents and visitors of the city. Therefore the visual benefits of a continuous green not only include calming, on both the eye and senses, but also a means of providing visual delight. In addition there are the microclimatic benefits of tree cover in the form of cooling the air by providing shade, reducing noise and improving air quality due to the effects of leaves. This concept was determined to be achievable for many disciplines such as planning, architecture and landscape with the creation of three-dimensional volumes, a viable active public realm and an extensive tree planting program. Some places are covered with natural forest and it is the true natural legacy of that place being the original home of its people. Looking to the future a young tree in the present sooner or later becomes the heritage for future generations. The forest can therefore be a metaphor for both past and future as well as providing a strong sense of identity. The application of the ‘Urban Forest’ draws on the variety and real meaning of the forest and weaves it into the fabric of the orderly and functional city. The role of the landscape architect when involved in designing both a new city or revitalizing an existing city, is very much in the realms of urban design. In fulfilling the objectives to provide a network of interlinked open spaces and to provide a large vegetative cover, the concept of the Urban Forest provides another layer in the design of the city. The concept of Urban Forest is expressed in an urban setting as an extensive tree cover utilizing mainly native trees. Public open spaces are the clear setting for large scale tree planting. However private grounds and gardens can also contribute. Also of primary importance are street trees which can be planned in advance to provide large quantities of trees. When talking about urbanization, there is such impact of the development to the natural environment, commonly urban heat island. Some points are relating towards the causes which change a high develop city to urban heat island; materials used have much different thermal volume properties, wind tunnel accessibility, geometric effects of tall building which multiple surfaces for the reflection and absorption of sunlight, and lack of evapotranspiration because of less vegetation planted. Yet this problem theorically can be solved by ecologists and environmentalists not the practical aspect. However, in term of designing the solution to find out the sustainable development that will last long for decades, landscape architect is the best consultant that any community should hire because of their sensitiveness towards surrounding environment. 5. CONCLUSIONS Urbanization is not simply a theory and not as simple planning and design. Many considerations should be taken while planning an urban area because it may give positive in fulfilling the human need but somehow it give more negative impact to the environment. Deeply understanding about urban ecology is the essential part in order to develop sustainable urban city. Furthermore, spatial organization also must be considerate for minimizing the environmental problems and issues caused by urbanization. Although there are many professional disciplinary in built environment such as architects, civil engineers, surveyor, ecologist and planner however the best consultant in planning and designing urbanization is landscape architect. Role of landscape architect is not focusing to planting and gardening but encompasses the analysis, planning, design, management, and stewardship of the natural and built environments. This profession is the one of the professional profession that really concerns about environmental effect. REFERENCES Bhatta, Basudeb. 2010. Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Esbah, H. , Maktav, D. , Atatanir, L. , Erbek, L. Atanir. 2005. Understanding Urban Growth Patterns: A Landscape Ecology Point of View. Adnan Menderes University. Jenkins, P. , Smith, H. and Wang, Y. P. 2007. Planning and Housing In The Rapidly Urbanizing World. Routledge. ) McHarg, Ian. 1991. Design with nature. John Wiley. Obara, Bryan. 2010. Design of Process: Leading Towards a Symbiosis of Landscape Urbanism Theory and Practice. Retrieve from http://umass. academia. edu/BryanObara/Papers/536401 Peters, Alison. and Scott, Ashley. The Role of Landscape Architects in Urban Design Projects. Retrieve from rudi. net/books/10556 Schmal, H. 1981. Patterns of European Urbanisation since 1500. Redwood Burn Limited. Other References Didona Associates: didonaassociates. com/why/la-overview. html Landscape Architecture Resource: http://landscapearchitectureresource. com/ Natural Learning Initiative: naturalearning. org/content/new-role-landscape-architecture New World Encyclopedia: newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Urbanization Whole Building Design Guide: http:// www. wbdg. org/design/dd landscapearch. php Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Architecture

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Discussion - Essay Example During the process, Saul who was the Israel leader then gives David fighting weapons but instead, David preferred a sling to confront his enemy. David moves forward and then hits the Giant Goliath in the head by using a single stone. After the giant falls down, David goes ahead and grabs Goliath’s sword before cutting his head off. The story of David generally represents the inner strength, the will to survive, power and a sense of triumph. Michelangelo, Donatello, Verrocchio and Bernini are different artists who decided to bring David’s story to life through their artistic work. However, each artistic has his own way of representing David’s actions. Their styles generally change significantly. The main theme in the piece of work is power, strength or pride. Alternatively, the four artists explored an innocent young David who received power and strength from God. Verrocchio version of David was a young man who had strength and represented the emergence of a hero. On the other hand, Michelangelo depicted David as a hero who was preparing for the big battle. Michelangelo version of David was of a mature and a strong character. Bernini completed the story of David by sculpting a young David who was already fighting, full of strength, power and masculinity both physically and divine. The combination of the four pieces of work is generally a slow moving picture motion from the first sculpture, which poses, to the sculpture that really shows the real war. Michelangelo represents the start of the war with; Bernini completes the sequence with dynamic rhythmos in order to give his piece of work the motion sense. His idea was to bring out the battle aspect through the sculpture. David done by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is a life-size marble sculpture almost the same as that of Verrochio, Donatello and Michelangelo. The David Bernini sculpture was one of the several sculptures used for decorating the Bernini’s patron Cardinal Borghese villa. Today, the

Organizational behavior Article critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Organizational behavior Article critique - Essay Example on of organizational behavior, â€Å"as the study of human behavior in organizations; a multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn 3) Azman et al underscore the value and merit of studying the influence of relationships in organizations. This essay will critique how the writers developed their methodology, approach, and some of the results of the study. The critique will weigh whether the results presented in the article substantiated their claims adding worth to the continuous growing body of work on human relationships and their affect on organizational behavior. In addition to the article’s composition, grammatical and organizational structure, it readability and comprehensibility will be examined as well. Finally by reviewing the article determining if the information documented was presented in such a way as to increase the understa nding of the complexity of human relationships in organizations. Azman et al started by stating their purpose in writing the article, outlining the objectives of the paper, and discussed their method of approach for the study. They identify three main objectives 1) examine the relationship between transformational leadership and empowerment; 2) examine the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment; and 3) examine the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment (92) . The objective of demonstrating the connection between healthy relationships within an organizational culture and performance remained the focal point throughout the article. The article was written in a way that each section of information built upon the previous with each section returning to the initial purpose. The traditional and non-traditional views of leadership provided the foundation for their initial

International Business Research Question and Answer

International Business Research Question and Answer Question 3 You are the CEO of a company that has to choose between making a $100 million investment in Russia or Poland. Both investments promise the same long-run return so your choice is driven by risk considerations. Assess the various risks of doing business in each of these nations. Which investment would you favour and why? Answer INTRODUCTION International Business International Business is evolved from international trade and international marketing. International business is a crucial venture due to the influence of varied social, cultural, political, economic, natural factor and government policies and laws. According to Michael H. Moffett, â€Å"International business is the process of focusing on the resources of the globe and objectives of the organizations on global opportunities and threats in order to produce, buy, sell or exchange of goods and services world-wide. Factors Lead to International Business Establishment of WTO Globalization of Economies Rapid technological Advancement Enlargement of European Union Increase in competition Higher growth rate of GDP in developing Countries Increase in business alliances in degree and variety Emergence of supportive institution RUSSIA Russia is the worlds largest country in terms of territory. Its consumer market consists of over 140 million people. It has vast resources, a highly educated workforce, and technologically advanced research and production capabilities. Still, Russias economic potential remains largely untapped. Many investors shy of Russia amid growing concerns that the political system in the country is breeding dissent among the population. As such, the economy has been in a state of flux in recent months and its close proximity to Europe amid the financial crisis remains a pivotal danger. However, none of these things change what Russia has to offer. Its technological capabilities matched with its natural resources give the countrys economy great potential. Political turmoil will only drive prices down, making it a better time to invest in this country. Investment Climate and Opportunities Overview 1. Dynamic Economic Growth 2. One of the Largest Consumer Markets 3. World-Renowned Human Capital 4. Vast Natural Resources 5. Unique Geographic Position 6. Technologically Advanced Economy 7. Attractive Taxation System 8. Extensive Government Support 9. Stable Social and Political System RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy towards a more market-based and globally-integrated economy, but stalling as a partially reformed, statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials hands. RUSSIA: RISK ASSESSMENT 1. SLOW DOWN IN GROWTH: Growth has slowed down in Q2. This trend should beconfirmed over the whole of 2012, with the Russian economyhowever holding up in a very depressed internationaleconomic context. Oil production reached a record level inthe middle of the year. On the other hand, industrial productionhas suffered from a fall in demand from the mainpartners of Russia (European Union and China). Investmenthas been curbed by a rise in production costs reducingcompany profits. Private consumption, the main driver ofthe Russian economy, was buoyed in HY1 by the rise inwages and social spending, growth in banking credit aswell as the good state of the employment market. However,the rise in inflation is now affecting the increase in realwages and therefore domestic demand. Inflationary pressurehas increased since June, under the effect of the risein the price of food (increased by the effects of the summerdrought) and public services (energy). The Central Bankraised its refinancing rat e in mid-September (from 8% to8.25%) to try to contain the rise in prices within the limit ofits 6% target. 2. BUDGET CURRENT BALANCES DEPENDENT ON OIL PRICES: The 2012 budget was amended in June to take accountof an expected rise in oil prices (from $100 to $115 a barrel),which increases fiscal revenue and allows expenditureto be maintained. Oil revenue accounts for half of Staterevenue and the price of oil ensuring equilibrium in publicfinances has doubled since 2008. Taking into account therecent change in the price of a barrel, revenue should bebelow that expected while expenditure will not be reviseddownwards. Consequently, the balance should be slightlyin deficit at the end of the year. However, Russian publicfinances remain solid with public debt below 10% of GDP,leaving the government some room for manoeuvre, at leastin the short term. 3. COMPLEX JUDICIAL SYSTEM: Property rights are widely perceived to be contingent on political connections, and intimidation of businesses by the FSB and police for political and financial ends is frequent. Red tape stifles innovation, and lack of transparency makes adequate partner due diligence elusive. The judicial system is also problematic: legislation implementation is broadly unpredictable and the independence and integrity of Russian courts is deeply flawed. 4. CORRUPTION AND LACK OF GOVERNANCE: Corruption and weak corporate transparency is another major ongoing risk for investors. Many analysts admit say that this is a big problem particularly among some of the smaller companies, whose accounts are not particularly transparent. Even well-known and respected companies like IKEA which heavily focus on practicing ethical businesses activities declared a moratorium on subsequent Russian investments due to the ongoing concerns of corruption. Based on the Corruption Perception Index, Russia has a lot of obstacles to fair and efficient business practices. Even Iran, Libya and Pakistan are perceived as having less corruption. 5. POLICIES: Russia’s economic and fiscal policy is not investor-friendly. The tax code is overly complex. Russia also has a distinct penchant for protectionism: despite its WTO accession, it continues to unpredictably implement levies, tariffs and bans on hundreds of imports. Tight relations between business and politics are highly detrimental to the business environment. POLAND Polands economy is much smaller than that of Russia. However, with a strong consumer market of 38 million, it is still one of the biggest markets in Europe. The country benefits greatly from its geographical location, which makes it possible to export goods to all European countries and thus reach over 500 million consumers. Similar to Russia, Poland has a highly educated workforce. Therefore, Poland also falls victim to its proximity to Europe and the ongoing crisis. For these reasons many investors are also shying away from this nation. In these trying times though, Europe still remains a solid economy, and though it has faltered, it has managed to remain intact. As investors flee Europe amid growing concerns over the failure to revive the economy and provide successful solutions, Poland offers a great bargain. Polands economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labour code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system. ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF POLAND Poland has the largest economy in Eastern Europe, and one of the highest levels of foreign investment at $13.9 billion as of 2006. Polands economy has been growing quickly, at about 6%, for the past 5 years, and was growing at an even faster pace before this. Despite its GDP growth, Poland faces numerous economic issues; it has chronic high unemployment, low wages despite significant increase of productivity, massive flight of educated population abroad, and low level of innovativeness and highest percentage of people working for national minimum wage among countries of European Union Poland: Risk Assessment 1. DECELEARTING GROWTH IN 2012: Economic activity remained sustained in 2011, despite a slowdown in growth during the last quarter. Growth has continued to decelerate in 2012. Household spending, which represents 60% of GDP, effectively remains low due to a decline in consumer confidence, in conjunction with an annual inflation rate of 3.8% in August 2012, a public sector wage freeze and deterioration in the employment market (13.3% unemployment). The Polish trade deficit shrank in 2012 following a contraction in domestic demand in Q2 VS. Q1 (-3.1%) and slowing exports (+0.8%). Although exports were impacted by a slowdown in Western Europe, exports towards Russia and Ukraine progressed by more than 20%. The heavy deficit in the income balance wiped out most of the positive effect from the trade improvement. The impact of external trade on GDP was nonetheless limited on account of the low level of trade openness compared to other Central European countries. An expected reduction in i nflation should enable the Polish central bank to modify monetary policy. The governor has committed to cutting rates in the event of an economic slowdown. Despite the decline foreign investment flows will cover the current account deficit. At the end of July 2012 net investment flows covered the deficit, i.e. EUR 8 billion. The private construction sector was weighed down by a fall in household demand. The construction production index published monthly by Euro stat fell 8% over the first 7 months of 2012 compared to 2011. Furthermore, the construction sector was boosted, during several months, by the organisation of the European football championships in June 2012 (stadiums, hotels, road networks †¦) with support from public investment. Corporate credit remained dynamic during Q1, particularly in zloty terms, but investment will decelerate sharply over coming months. 2. STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHY IN POLISH COMPANIES: Organisations in Poland have a strong respect for hierarchy and authority, with structure and delegation coming from above. This hierarchical style is reflected in manyPolish businessformalities and settings, including the decision-making process and the use of professional titles. Seniority in Polish organisations is acknowledged and respected and the corporate hierarchy is often formed on the basis of age and educational background. For this reason, when negotiating, it is advisable to send delegates of a similar status to those of Polish colleagues, both in age and professional qualifications. Rules and regulations are an important part of the Polish business environment so Polish counterparts may expect theirbusiness partners to know and appreciate established etiquette and business protocol. 3. RELATIONSHIPS: Doing business in Poland requires an understanding of the importance of relationships in polish businessculture. Building individual relationships is essential to the success of business objectives, especially in the long term. Polish people take time to establish relationships with business partners and to build trust. Poland has a family-focused society, and poles value building and maintaining close personal relationships. This may be considered as a challenge for many foreigners doing business in poland who are not used to sharing personal information with their business partners. For poles this is one of the stages of the trust-building process. 4. COMPLEX BUREAUCRACY: Although Poland’s per capita GDP is increasing relative to the rest of the EU, it amounts to less than 70% of the EU average. Nonetheless, strong domestic consumption is one of the engines of growth in Poland. Poland has made great strides toward improving the commercial climate, but investors point to an inefficient commercial court system, a rigid labour code, bureaucratic red tape, and a burdensome tax system as challenges for foreign companies. 5. IMPROVEMENTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE: Although many infrastructure improvements have been completed or are underway, Poland still has much work to do in order to modernize its road and railway network. Weaknesses in transportation infrastructure increases the cost of doing business for U.S. businesses by limiting ready access to all of the markets within Poland and diminishes the country’s current attractiveness as a regional distribution hub. Internet access and connection strength is good in the cities, but still very limited in less populated regions. 6. IMPROVING PUBLIC FINANCES: The Public finances development and consolidation plan implemented by the government in order to respect Maastricht criteria from 2013 onwards will be pursued. The public deficit, which reached almost 8% of GDP in 2010, is expected to fall below 4% in 2012, through higher taxes on oil products and an increase in social contributions. As a result, public debt should stabilise at around 55% of GDP. However, as a large proportion of the debt is held by non residents, it is vulnerable to risk aversion among investors. Furthermore, the European recession has weighed on foreign direct investment flows in 2012 which has meant that the only stable capital flows financing the current account deficit have come from European structural funds. The Polish banking system seems relatively robust, with capitalisation ratios in excess of Basel III minimum requirements. However, subsidiaries of foreign banks, which are mostly implanted in the euro zone, represent two-thi rds of the banking sector, which is therefore dependant on foreign capital. Banks remain highly exposed to currency risk, as household loans denominated in foreign currency account for 14% of GDP. Furthermore, the zloty depreciated by 8% of its value against the euro between January and September 2012. 7. A COMPARATIVELY STABLE POLITICAL CONTEXT: -The 2010 presidential election resulted in Bronislaw Komorowski leading a coalition between his centre-right party (PO), which had been in power since October 2007, and the Polish people’s party (PSA). The general elections held on 9 October 2011 confirmed the coalition’s position. The Prime Minister, Donald Tusk has made budget deficit reduction a priority. However, the latest opinion polls highlight growing popular discontent with current fiscal austerity. Furthermore, the adoption of the euro has been postponed due to the single currency’s current lack of appeal according to the Prime Minister. CONCLUSION Both countries have positives and negatives aspect of investment. But after assessing risks Quotient in these two countries one can conclude that it is difficult to set up new facility in Russia. Because there are more factors affecting risk perception in Russia as compared to risk perception in Poland. Poland is better option than Russia REASONS FOR THIS The only EU country to have avoided recession in 2009 FDI appeal is reinforced by the size of the domesticmarket Diversified economy The highest absorption rate of European structuralfunds in emerging Europe

Philippine’s Political Dynasty Essay

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines states in Article II Section 26, â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † How can we define political dynasty? Political dynasty is a family, clans or group that maintains power for several generations. These clans root themselves into our national and local governments for many decades. Almost every position in the government has been posted either by relatives, or friends who are indebted to the clan for appointing them into position. In a sense, they have already established political kingdoms throughout the country. In the course of the rising and expanding political kingdoms ruling over the country, it has become hard to tell where democracy is to be found. With rules unclear and morality questioned, people can never tell if they deserve more than what they are getting from the government. Political dynasties inhibit democracy, further adding instability and weakness of political institutions that are supposed to be working on their sense of rationality and individualism for the country. With political dynasties, it is no longer a question on qualifications and slogans, it will now be a question on connections and guns. The establishment of political dynasties is an effective way of monopolizing and perpetuating power. With various seats in the government occupied by a single family it would be easy to manipulate the system to benefit their family. The concept of check and balance will be thrown out the window. More often than not, politicians get to be elected not because of their merit, but because they belong to a family that is been in the government for generations.

Hairstyle and Mobile Hair

* Conduct an internal and external environmental analysis for your proposed business. * Use the information obtained from your internal and external analysis, as well as the lesson learned from the Considerations of a Strategic Plan: List assignment. Create a SWOTT table summarizing your findings. Your environmental analysis should take into account, at a minimum, the following factors. For each factor, identify the one primary strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, and trend, and include it in your table. * External forces and trends considerations: * Legal and regulatory * Global Economic * Technological * Innovation * Social * Environmental * Competitive analysis * Internal forces and trends considerations: * Strategy * Structures * Processes and systems * Resources * Goals * Strategic capabilities * Culture * Technologies * Innovations * Intellectual property * Leadership * Write a 1,400-1,750-word synopsis in which you analyze at least seven of the forces and trends from the l ist above. Your analysis must include the following: Include economic as well as legal and regulatory forces and trends. Critique how well the organization adapts to change.Identify issues and/or opportunities: Identify the major issues and or opportunities that the company faces based on your analysis above. Generate a hypothesis surrounding each issue and research questions to use for conducting analysis. Identify the circumstances surrounding each issue; classify the circumstances; attribute the importance of each classification; and test the accuracy of the importance for each classification. PROPOSED BUSINESS Mobile Hair Designs is a new and convenient option for consumers who wish to receive a haircut or new style but is not able to travel to a salon.This review will represent the mission of Mobile Hair Designs. Mobile Hair Designs vision is to reach its full potential and success by satisfying all customers who wish to use this unique service. For Mobile Hair Designs to be su ccessful ethics and social responsibility will be part of the mission. Mobile Hair Designs is committed to reach consumers not able to travel to a hair salon or barbershop. Mobile Hair Designs will make an effort to help people not feeling well, feel better about themselves by giving them a hairstyle of their choice.Mobile Hair Designs realizes when one looks good, one then starts to feel good. Mobile Hair Designs will send a caring and compassionate stylist to each customer. Mobile Hair Designs will become a company consumers will be able to count on for their hairstyles. Mobile Hair Designs will not only be mobile but also there will be stationary locations as well, Hair Designs. Hair Designs understands it is nice to have an evening out if the customer is able. If they are not able to come to the salon, we will be glad to go to them.Hair Designs will feel like a mini-retreat to its customers. Mobile Hair Designs will bring the retreat to the customers. Mobile Hair Designs and Hai r Designs will be a company customers will be able to count on. This service is not limited to one age group we are willing to style all ages. Mobile Hair Designs will travel up to a 30 mile-radius from any stationary location. If the customer wants to come to a stationary location we will happily be willing to commute the customer to and from Hair Designs. A business must have defined guidelines and principles.The values of Mobile Hair Design and Hair Design are important to its success. â€Å"Defining your beliefs and guiding principles is important to running a successful business (Sugars, April). † Guiding principles and values serve as the basis of reasoning and action for Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs. Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs will only employee experienced licensed stylist who have a clean background check and a clean driving record. The stylist employed by Hair Designs will be compassionate and patient with all customers.The values and ethics possessed by t his company will be admirable. Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs will use its values and ethics as a guide throughout its life in all situations, irrespective of changes in its goals, and strategies. The mission, vision, and values guide will be the backbone for Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs strategic direction. â€Å"Mission, vision, and values are supposed to be the North Star of strategic planning, the beacon by which organizations set their strategic compasses and then align their everyday priority setting (Logan, 2004). The mission has been set in place so employees, managers, stockholder, and customers know what is expected from Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs. The mission will help keep all employees focused on what our purpose is as a business. Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs vision has been set in place to have goals. The vision acts as a spring board into the future of this business. The success of this business will depend upon the values demonstrated. Mobile Hair De signs must demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude at all times to the customers.Customers must be able to trust the stylist so they will welcome them back to their home. Rather than post Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs mission, vision, and values on a wall, they will be demonstrated. This idea will constantly be communicated to all employees. Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs is committed to its customers. We are a customer service-based organization. We depend on the happiness of the consumer to make this a successful business. If a customer is not able to come to our salon we will happily go to the customer. If the customer wishes o visit our salon we will provide him or her with appropriate transportation. If the customer is handicap and wants to visit our salon by our transportation we will be able to do so. The competitive advantage Mobile Hair Designs/Hair Designs will have over other salons is the convenience we offer to our customers. We are willing to do whatever i t takes to ensure a customer receives his or her haircut or hairstyle desired by compassionate and skillful stylist. Mobile Hair Designs is new and innovative. The employees at this organization are trustworthy and compassionate.The goal is to make people feel better about them when they are not able to visit a salon. Rather than sitting at the salon waiting for walk-ins we are on the move bringing the hairstyle directly to the customer. References: Sugars, B. (April, 2010 2). What are Your guiding principles?. Entrepreneur, Retrieved from http://www. entrepreneur. com/startingabusiness/startupbasics/startupbasicscolumnistbradsugars/article205846. html Logan, J. (2004, March). Mission, vision, values. Retrieved from http://www. loganstrategy. ca/content/articles/mission. pdf

Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager - 1808 Words

Discussion on: Every Line Manager is an HR Manager Introduction â€Å"Slowly but surely, line managers are taking over the HR front line. Gone are the days when the first port of call for any people management query was the HR department.† – Lucy McGee (Personnel Today) This is partly because HR as a function has transformed over the past decade. Administration is often outsourced, legislation has become more complex, European Union regulations have to be understood and adhered to, compensation is now many-sided, and selection and development have become more sophisticated. HR is both more specialist and more strategic than ever. At the same time, the managers role has evolved as leadership skills have been recognised as being important for†¦show more content†¦Many of the qualities and skills which are associated with higher quality front line management are around the behaviours of front line managers. It is not enough to educate front line managers in the behaviours required; organisations must also ensure they are developing the environment and culture in which front line managers are actively encouraged and permitted to exhibit the behaviours above. The Bath research found that organisations which had a strong shared culture with guiding principles for behaviour which were embedded into practice over time were more successful. To be good ambassadors of people management, line managers need, above all, self-confidence and a strong sense of their own security in the organisation. This, in turn, requires strong support and the appropriate training and development for those newly appointed in a line management role. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development - UK Implications of greater line manager involvement in HRD The perception prevails that a number of benefits exist in using line managers as developers of people (Gibbs, 2003). The following key arguments for devolution of HRD to line managers are provided by different scholars: allowing HRD decisions to be tailored to the real needs and circumstances at the operational level; improving employee relationships and the work environment; enabling more effectiveShow MoreRelatedWhy Line Manager Is Increasing Important1174 Words   |  5 PagesIn contemporary society, every company is meeting resources shortage, and then a new conception â€Å"human resource† proposed by economists. They suggest that if a corporation wants to be outstanding in the future, he must pay more attention to Human Resource Management (HRM). Recently, a large number of researches have indicated that using HR practices, such as training and development, performance appraisal, information sharing or participation, in HRM will in a certain term improve HRM outcomes ( ConnieRead MoreDiscussion Questions Hrm1655 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. Explain what HR management is and how it relates to the management process. Human Resource Management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. The HR management function is all about the staffing activity. Staffing is all about personnel management. Staffing is basically determining what type of people you want to hire and the selection of those peopleRead MoreAll Manager Are Human Resource Managers938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"All managers are Human Resource (HR) manager† If I want to give any comments about this at first I have to give the answer whether it is true or false? Whenever we will go for answering this question we may not able to give it straightly. We have to study it and then after a certain period we must able to give the answer whether it is true or false. So for answering this question I have analyzed it and afterward I have reached a decision and my decision is that the statement is totally true.Read MoreCase Study : Best Ski Resort 1684 Words   |  7 Pages In this HR business partner model, the human resource department participates in strategic planning to help the business meet present and future goals. Rather than concentrating only on HR duties such as benefits, payment, pensions and inter relationships, HR departments look to give value to the company by inspecting recruiting, training, advancement and placement of future and current employees. This is critical for a company who is competing for the title of ‘best ski resort’ every year by MountainRead MoreAn Organizations Operation Enhances Growth And Performance1007 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategically fit for future operations. In this paper, therefore, I will be interrogating the role of the HR manager in a downsizing and restructuring process and also suggest some best practices in such a process. THE ROLE OF HR MANAGER IN DOWNSIZING AND RESTRUCTURING Increasingly, organisation are under immense pressure to deliver more with little resources. That is why most organisations need HR managers that are strategic, otherwise they will be affected by the unpredictable market. Agreeing with BardwickRead MoreProblems at a Banks Home Office and Branches, Questions and Answers1058 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice and branches: High employee turn-over: it is seen that the employee turn-over was very high. This is one of the major problems. There are many reasons for turnover. One of the branch office, the supervisor in charge told to Nelson that every time an employee was hired, another one was resigning. This will slow down the work process and has a direct impact on the profits. Employee turnover is costly expense especially in low paying for job roles, for which the employee turnover rate isRead MoreCipd 3hrc Activity 21099 Words   |  5 Pagesretention of the HR function within our organisation. In this report I will explain how Human Resource activities support the organisations strategy and how HR professionals support line managers and their staff. INTRODUCTION The strategies adopted by our organisation can be influenced by both internal and external factors. HR are involved in the initial planning process and assisted with the formation of a business plan detailing objectives for departments to achieve. HR liaise between managementRead MoreHr a Short Briefing for New Hr Colleagues to Help Them Perform Effectively and Efficiently in Their Roles.986 Words   |  4 Pagesexpected from you as a HR Professional As a HR Professional, you are expected to exhibit certain behaviours and demonstrate certain activities which can be defined within bands of professional competence. http://www.cipd.co.uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-profession-map/explore-map.aspx HR Professionals must understand the business and culture for which they serve and the HR strategy must be aligned to this. As shown in the map above, there are ten professional areas in which as a HR Professional youRead MoreRole of Finance and Hr Manager1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Finance Manager The role of finance manager in the company is an important one. The function of the finance manager is not confined to the management and making of the accounts but it also plays a major role in dividend decisions, capital budgeting decisions, capital structure outlay of the firm, decision related to the merger and acquisitions, and all the investment decisions of the firm. Thus the finance manager plays an important role in any business enterprise. The differentRead MoreThe Differences Between a Human Resource Manager and a Personal Manager1313 Words   |  5 PagesThe difference between human resources manager and personal manger The main difference between human resources management and personnel management is that personnel management is considered to be out dated or more of a traditional approach, whereas human resources management is the Morden approach of most organisations and that is because human resource tend to represent the new style of managing employees in an organisation. When it comes to comparing the two approaches, we find that personnel management